Microbial network complexity drives non-linear shift in biodiversity-nutrient cycling in a saline urban reservoir

Aquatic biodiversity is important in mediating ecosystem functioning, contributing to ecosystem sustainability and human wellbeing. However, how microbial network complexity affects the biodiversity-nutrient cycling relationship in saline freshwater ecosystems remains underexplored. Using high-resolution time-series data, we examined the rela-tionships between microeukaryotic-bacterial community network complexity, biodiversity and multi-nutrient cycling in an urban reservoir undergoing a freshwater salinization-desalinization cycle. We found that low microbial diversity enhanced ecosystem multi-nutrient cycling under high salinity stress. In addition, multi-nutrient cycling declined with increased network complexity. Further, we found a non-linear relationship between salinity-induced shifts in the com-plexity of the microbial network and biodiversity-nutrient cycling (BNC) relationship of keystone taxa, i.e. the strength of the BNC relationship first became weak and then strong with increased network complexity. Together, these results highlighted the significant insight that there is not always positive relationship between biodiversity/network com-plexity and multi-nutrient cycling, even between network complexity and BNC relationship in real-world ecosystems, suggesting that preserving microbial association is important in aquatic health managing and evaluating the freshwa-ter salinization problem.