Fabrication of novel palladium-platinum based graphene/ITO electrodes and third metal addition effect through the glucose electrooxidation

Graphene was coated on Cu foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The graphene on the Cu foil was modified by doping N. Then, N-doped graphene (G) was coated on several layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. In addition, Pd, Pt, and M (Ag, V, Ni, Zn) metals were electroprecipitated on the graphene/indium tin oxide electrode by electrochemical technique. In this way, the glucose (C6H12O6) electrooxidation activities of these electrodes obtained from PdMPt-N doped graphane/indium tin oxide were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The obtained materials were characterized by SEM-EDX. Results revealed that the network of Pd, Pt, Ag, V, Ni, Zn and graphene was clearly visible from the SEM results. As a consequence, PdZnPt-N doped G/ITO showed the most effective C6H12O6 electrooxidation activity with a specific activity of 14.5 mA cm(-2), considerably above the literature's published values. In all electrochemical measurements, PdZnPt-N doped G/ITO exhibited the best electrocatalytic activity, stability, and resistance. PdZnPt-N doped G/ITO electrode is promising electrode for glucose electrooxidation.