The effect of MHD flow on hydrothermal characteristics of ferro-nano-fluid in circular pipe

In this study, the effect of the constant magnetic field (MF) on the convective heat transfer characteristics of Fe3O4/H2O ferro-nano-fluid with different nano-fluid volumetric concentrations (1.0%, 2.0%, and 5.0%) flowing in a circular pipe has been studied experimentally. Experiments have been conducted under laminar flow regime (1000 <= Re <= 2300). Based on the experimental data, a good agreement has been found with the results and the well-known correlations in the literature. Also, it was obtained that increasing flow rate let to increase in Nusselt number. One of the most important results obtained is that the presence of MF offers up to 8.32% convective heat transfer enhancement compared with the absence of a MF. In addition, the constant MF applied externally to the flow is a key factor to control the convective heat transfer for such kind of geometry, which is widely used in thermal engineering systems.