Published January 1, 2022
| Version v1
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Discovery of Potent Cholinesterase Inhibition-Based Multi-Target- Directed Lead Compounds for Synaptoprotection in Alzheimer's Disease
Creators
- 1. Eastern Mediterranean Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Fac Pharm, TR-99628 Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
- 2. Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Pharm, Dept Med Chem, D-6099 Halle, Saale, Germany
- 3. Westfalische Wilhelms Univ, European Inst Mol Imaging EIMI, D-48149 Munster, Germany
- 4. Yeditepe Univ, Dept Toxicol, Fac Pharm, TR-34755 Istanbul, Turkey
- 5. Univ Munster, Inst Pharmaceut & Med Chem, Munster D-48149, Germany
- 6. Yeditepe Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Fac Pharm, TR-34755 Istanbul, Turkey
Description
Drug development efforts that focused on single targets failed to provide effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, we designed cholinesterase inhibition (ChEI)-based multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) to simultaneously target AD-related receptors. We built a library of 70 compounds, sequentially screened for ChEI, and determined sigma R-1, sigma R-2, NMDAR-GluN2B binding affinities, and P2X7R antagonistic activities. Nine fulfilled in silico drug-likeness criteria and did not display toxicity in three cell lines. Seven displayed cytoprotective activity in two stress-induced cellular models. Compared to donepezil, six showed equal/better synaptic protection in a zebrafish model of acute amyloidosis-induced synaptic degeneration. Two P2X7R antagonists alleviated the activation state of microglia in vivo. Permeability studies were performed, and four did not inhibit CYP450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. Therefore, four ChEI-based lead MTDLs are promising drug candidates for synaptic integrity protection and could serve as disease-modifying AD treatment. Our study also proposes zebrafish as a useful preclinical tool for drug discovery and development.
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