The production route of the MASnBr(3) based perovskite solar cells with fully ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method

Lead-free FTO/TiO2/MASnBr(3)/P3HT/Ag perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated by a fully ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The MASnBr(3) thin films had very large grains (clusters) up to 15 mu m. The crystal/ crystallite size of the films was determined from the XRD pattern as 112.7 nm. The coating of MASnBr(3) and P3HT layers was carried out on a large area of 36 cm(2). The champion cell with an active area of 0.30 cm(2) has an open circuit voltage of 0.370 V, a short circuit of 0.460 mA/cm(2), a fill factor of 57.2%, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.097%. The production of all layers with the USP method is important to the commercialization of the lead-free PSCs.