Isolation and characterization of chemical constituents from Chaerophyllum bulbosum roots and their enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant effects

Isolation and bioactive effects of the roots of Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. were firstly investigated herein. Enzyme (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and tyrosinase) inhibitory effects of C. bulbosum root extracts were tested. Three known compounds, n-heptadecanyl eicosanoate (1), stigmasterol (2), and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from C. bulbosum. Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of isolated compounds were investigated. The hexane extract (IC50: 349.58 +/- 0.06 mu g/mL) displayed a higher alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect than the standard (IC50: 378.66 +/- 0.14 mu g/mL). The best inhibitory effect was found in compound 2 on AChE (46.40 +/- 0.31%), BChE (56.41 +/- 0.54%), and urease (92.47 +/- 0.11%); compound 1 on alpha-amylase (22.27 +/- 0.61%); and compound 3 on alpha-glucosidase (12.43 +/- 0.25%) and tyrosinase (19.00 +/- 0.16%). All isolated compounds showed moderate antioxidant effects in all assays. This study contributes to the therapeutic uses of Chaerophyllum roots and emphasizes the value of C. bulbosum species for the development of novel therapeutic agents.