Valorization of olive tree pruning waste for potential utilization in lithium recovery from aqueous solutions

Olive tree pruning waste, mainly composed of olive branches, was converted into a value-added and sustainable product capable of lithium as a biosorbent through alkali treatment and phosphorylation reaction. Characterization studies were performed by SEM-EDX, XPS, FTIR, and TGA. Factors affecting biosorption mechanism, i.e., sorbent dosage, pH, initial Li+ concentration and temperature, and competitive ions' presence, were investigated the synthesized functionalized olive branches (FOB). A commercial lithium selective resin, Lewatit TP 260, was also compared with FOB in batch and column studies. The Freundlich model fits adsorption isotherms better than the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.7 mg/g at 30 degrees C and pH 7-8. Kinetic studies proved fast kinetics and equilibrium were attained in 6 min, while thermodynamic studies showed an exothermic (Delta H degrees = -17 .52 kJ/mol), spontaneous reaction Delta G degrees < 0 at all temperatures), and increased randomness Delta S degrees = +24.27J/mol.K) at the interaction interface. Column studies revealed that although Lewatit TP 260 resin showed higher sorption capacity, its desorption efficiency (50.42%) was lower than that of FOB (99.9%), and the degree of column utilization of FOB (56.81%) was better than Lewatit TP 260 resin's (16.0%). The findings were encouraging in the successful synthesis of a promising biosorbent from an abundant waste in Turkey for use in sustainable lithium recovery from aqueous sources.