A lab-made screen-printed sensing strip for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of butylated hydroxyanisole

This study describes the fabrication of a lab-made screen-printed electrode (LabSPE) and its sensing ability
for the detection of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) which is a synthetic antioxidant utilized widely in food
industries. The lab-made screen-printed electrodes were printed on a polycarbonate substrate stepwise via
a screen-printing technique using various inks suitable for electrode templates and then modified for the
detection of BHA. As for the design of the sensor, firstly, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized
electrochemically through the one-pot synthesis method. After the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles
(Fe3O4 NPs), the surface of SPE was modified with the dual composite consisting of g-C3N4 and Fe3O4
NPs. Lastly, platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were deposited electrochemically on the modified electrode in
0.5 M HCl solution containing 2 mM H2PtCl6 at a constant potential of 0.25 V for 45 s. After optimization
of varied parameters such as pH of the electrolyte solution, deposition time, and deposition potential, the
current responses of the sensor (Pt/g-C3N4–Fe3O4/LabSPE) toward BHA displayed linearity in the wide
concentration range of 0.25 μM to 90 μM with a low detection limit of 0.053 μM. The selectivity of Pt/g-
C3N4–Fe3O4/SPE was tested successfully in the presence of other antioxidants (BHT, TBHQ, GA, and PG).
Moreover, the applicability of the proposed sensor for practical tests was verified by the detection of BHA
in commercial samples.