Insight into isolation and characterization of compounds of Chaerophyllum bulbosum aerial part with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-urease, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-diabetic activities

Chaerophyllum species are used as a food additive with their unique aroma and in traditional treatment with beneficial health effects. In this study, various extracts of Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. aerial parts were investigated in terms of the isolation of compounds and ability to inhibit enzyme (AChE, BChE urease, tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase) activities. The hexane extract showed higher inhibitory activity against all enzymes except urease. Nine compounds, n-octacosane (1), n-heptadecanyl eicosanoate (2), stigmasterol (3), beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyr-anoside (6), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), sucrose (8), and luteolin-7-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside-4 ''-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9) were purified from C. bulbosum and their chemical structures were defined by confirming their IR, NMR, and MS data with the literature. Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of all purified compounds were searched. Compounds 5 and 7 were found to have higher DPPH. and ABTS.+ scavenging activities than standards BHA and alpha-tocopherol. 1 (IC50: 1.63 +/- 0.05 mu g/mL), 2 (IC50: 2.02 +/- 0.13 mu g/mL) and 3 (IC50: 5.36 +/- 0.22 mu g/mL) had higher urease inhibition activity than thiourea (IC50: 7.87 +/- 0.18 mu g/mL) used as a standard. In addition, it was determined that compound 7 (IC50: 352.63 +/- 0.23 mu g/mL) exhibited higher alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity as compared to acarbose (IC50: 378.66 +/- 0.14 mu g/mL) while it showed a competitive activity against alpha-amylase. The results reveal that C. bulbosum can be used as a natural source for developing plant-based formulations in fields such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics.