Comparison of the chemical composition and biological effects of Clitocybe nebularis and Infundibulicybe geotropa

Clitocybe mushrooms have long been recognized for their various therapeutic potential and medicinal properties. A few members of the genus are considered edible and many others are poisonous. This study investigated the ethanolic extracts obtained from C. nebularis (CN) and I. geotropa (IG) mushrooms for phenolic content and antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities. The data from ultra-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the mushrooms were presented for the first time. According to the results, both ethanolic extracts contain high levels of phenolic (catechin, myricetin, quercetin, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid) compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results may suggest the presence of clitopycin in CN extract. The ethanol extract of CN scavenged about 79% and the IG 78% of the free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals. Additionally, the CN and IG extracts inhibited glutathione-S-transferase by 10%-18% at all concentrations. The CN extract effectively inhibited aldose reductase by 30%-80% at all concentrations. Besides, the CN extract showed promising antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines. On the other hand, CN and IG extracts displayed inhibitory effects on some multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and effectively inhibited biofilm production. The obtained results showed that C. nebularis and I. geotropa extracts presented inhibition of biofilm production. Therefore, C. nebularis was demonstrated to be a potential source of natural medicine.