Advanced DNA nanomachines: Strategies and bioapplications

DNA nanotechnology is an effective tool to combine DNA with nanomaterials for the fabrication of various nanoscale devices and nanostructures with potential performance in drug delivery and their biosensing assay. The development of DNA nanotechnologies, such as DNA nanomachines as smart carriers has been attracting increasing attention due to their small sizes, predictable secondary structures, and high biocompatibility. DNA-based nanomachines can be attached to other nanomodalities, such as polymers, gold nanomotors, and carbon nanostructures to create hybrid delivery structures. In the current review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of DNA nanotechnology to build functional and smart nanomachines and the bioapplication of this technology in electrochemical biosensing, immunosensing, and drug delivery.