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Published January 1, 2021 | Version v1
Journal article Open

A review exploring the overarching burden of Zika virus with emphasis on epidemiological case studies from Brazil

Creators

  • 1. Bogazici Univ, Inst Environm Sci, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey
  • 2. Publ Hlth Dept, Araucaria City Hall, BR-83702080 Araucaria, PR, Brazil
  • 3. UCL, Inst Risk & Disaster Reduct, UCL Ctr Digital Publ Hlth Emergencies, London WC1E 6BT, England
  • 4. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, Dept Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
  • 5. European Univ Lefke, Sch Engn, Lefke, North Cyprus, Turkey
  • 6. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Biomed Engn, BR-50740550 Recife, PE, Brazil
  • 7. Univ Fed Campina Grande, Dept Syst & Comp, BR-58429900 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
  • 8. Univ Pernambuco Poli UPE, Polytech Sch Pernambuco, BR-50720001 Recife, PE, Brazil
  • 9. UCL, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, Ctr Biodivers & Environm Res, London WC1E 6BT, England

Description

This paper explores the main factors for mosquito-borne transmission of the Zika virus by focusing on environmental, anthropogenic, and social risks. A literature review was conducted bringing together related information from this genre of research from peer-reviewed publications. It was observed that environmental conditions, especially precipitation, humidity, and temperature, played a role in the transmission. Furthermore, anthropogenic factors including sanitation, urbanization, and environmental pollution promote the transmission by affecting the mosquito density. In addition, socioeconomic factors such as poverty as well as social inequality and low-quality housing have also an impact since these are social factors that limit access to certain facilities or infrastructure which, in turn, promote transmission when absent (e.g., piped water and screened windows). Finally, the paper presents short-, mid-, and long-term preventative solutions together with future perspectives. This is the first review exploring the effects of anthropogenic aspects on Zika transmission with a special emphasis in Brazil.

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