The use of CPTED-based techniques to prevent shoplifting: a survey in Istanbul

Shoplifting is a growing problem for all stores. Following a 300% increase in the number shopping malls in the past decade, Turkey had 375 malls by 2016, with shoplifting becoming an important issue. This study investigates the use of CPTED-based approaches to prevent shoplifting in Istanbul and is the first such study in Turkey. Data were collected from 389 store managers and shopping mall managers in Istanbul via a structured, self-explanatory questionnaire in face-to-face interviews at stores in shopping malls. The results revealed that among different CPTED-based approaches, stores mostly prefer video cameras and electronic alarm tags for shoplifting prevention. The study identified six factors predicting the use of CPTED approaches: Factor 1-Informal/Natural Surveillance, Factor 2-Target Hardening & Mechanical Surveillance, Factor 3-Territoriality, Factor 4-Access Control, Factor 5-Formal/Organized Surveillance, and Factor 6-Image/Maintenance. These results provide important insights regarding differences using CPTED techniques in terms of store and shopping mall characteristics in Istanbul.