Organic/metal-organic photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC): Recent developments, new trends, and future perceptions

Humankind is currently heavily reliant on fossil fuel for its energy supply. However, fossil fuels are a nonrenewable source. It requires hundreds of millions of years for fossil fuels to develop inside the earth, and with our daily rate of consumption, we will run out of fuel unless we find an alternative source. Solar energy has gained much attention as a solution for the current energy deficit since it converts light energy directly to electrical energy. Dye-sensitized solar cells deliver a cheaper and dependable alternative for numerous photovoltaic devices such as organic, inorganic, and hybrid solar cells. Dye-sensitized-solar-cell technology characteristically depends on photosensitizer (Dye), electrolyte, and the metal oxide semiconductor. This review paper enlightens the working principle, components, and development of DSSCs present development and future prospectus for this novel technology.