A detailed study on multifaceted bioactivities of the extracts and isolated compounds from truffle Reddellomyces parvulosporus

Mushrooms and truffles are attracting attention as a new generation of biotherapeutics. In the current study, isolation, phenolic and organic acid composition, and antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase activities of truffle Reddellomyces parvulosporus were examined. Four known compounds (brassicasterol (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), fumaric acid (3) and mannitol (4)) were isolated with the combination of chromatographic techniques. Fumaric acid (54.74 +/- 0.85 mu g g(-1)) was found as the major compound by HPLC-DAD. All isolated compounds were bioassayed for antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-urease, anti-alpha-glucosidase and anti-alpha-amylase activities. Compound 1 indicated notable cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 (IC50: 38.08 +/- 0.75 mu g mL(-1)) and compound 3 on H1299 (IC50: 62.37 +/- 0.75 mu g mL(-1)). Also, compounds 1 (84.55 +/- 1.14%) and 2 (84.90 +/- 0.10%) showed higher anti-urease activity than thiourea (78.57 +/- 0.22%), while compound 2 (66.31 +/- 0.08%) displayed near-standard anti-BChE activity. Also, being the first to emphasise the potential of R. parvulosporus as a natural food additive, this study evidenced its medicinal importance by revealing bioactive compounds and properties.