Bio-inspired molecular machines and their biological applications

Molecular machines lie at the center of living systems by taking a role in all fundamental processes that constitute life including cell division, cellular trafficking, and macromolecule synthesis. Mechanisms underlying dynamic bioprocesses are being solved and inspire researchers in other fields to build artificial systems with functional, structural, or mechanistic similarities. In this review, advances in molecular machines, biomimetic approaches for the design and operation of these devices, and their recent biological applications are summarized. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.