Parcel-Level Identification of Crop Types Using Different Classification Algorithms and Multi-Resolution Imagery in Southeastern Turkey

This research investigates the accuracy of pixel- and object-based classification techniques across varying spatial resolutions to identify crop types at parcel level and estimate the area at six test sites to find the optimum data source for the identification of crop parcels. Multi-sensor data with spatial resolutions of 2.5 m, 5 m and 10 m from SPOT5 and 30 m from Landsat-5 TM were used. Maximum Likelihood (ML), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were used as pixel-based methods in addition to object-based image classification (OBC). Post-classification methods were applied to the output of pixel-based classification to minimize the noise effects and heterogeneity within the agricultural parcels. In addition, processing-time performance of the algorithms was evaluated for the test sites and district scale classification. OBC results provided comparatively the best performance for both parcel identification and area estimation at 10 m and finer spatial resolution levels. SVM followed OBC at 2.5 m and 5 m resolutions but accuracies decreased dramatically with coarser resolutions. ML and SAM results were worse up to 30 m resolution for both crop type identification and area estimation. In general, parcel identification efficiency was strongly correlated with spatial resolution while the classification algorithm was a more effective factor than spatial resolution for area estimation accuracy. Results also provided an opportunity to discuss the effects of image resolution and the classification algorithm independent factors such as parcel size, spatial distribution of crop types and crop patterns.