Sputtering deposition of nanoparticles onto liquid substrates: Recent advances and future trends

Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted significant attention from the materials science community due to their promise to play an important role in developing new technologies. Indeed, NPs with small sizes, narrow size distributions and various shapes have been prepared via the reduction of organometallic compounds with molecular hydrogen, the decomposition of transition-metal complexes in the zero-valent state, metal bombardment or the simple transfer of previously prepared NPs from one liquid to another. This review paper will discuss the simple and quick method of sputtering deposition over liquid substrates to generate stable colloidal NPs. Initially, the sputtering phenomena will be presented in more detail, as well as the state-of-the-art in sputter deposition over both solid and liquid substrates. Then, special attention will be paid to sputtering onto ionic liquids (ILs), silicon oil and vegetable oils, and some selected results and the current mechanisms of NP formation will be discussed. Finally, applications of this new approach to synthesizing colloidal NPs will be shown. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.