Influence of inlet air temperature and carrier material on the production of instant soluble sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) by spray drying

The water extract of the sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) was processed into instant soluble sage (ISS) powders by using spray drying at different inlet air temperatures. The ISS was produced by the addition of different carrier materials (beta-cyclodextrin, arabic gum and maltodextrin). The moisture content (3-4 g/100 g), water activity (0.23-0.28), bulk density (320-358 kg/m(3)), and solubility (97-99 g/100 g) of the powders were measured. Different drying temperatures and carrier materials at different concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) affected almost all properties of the powdered and reconstituted samples. SEM analysis showed stickiness of the particles. The samples produced at 145 degrees C by addition of BCD at the concentration of 3 g/100 g showed better solubility and turbidity. The BCD added samples captured the highest amount of 1,8-cineole during spray drying process at 145 and/or 155 degrees C. Color properties, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activities were also determined. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.