The effect of quadrupole on bone remodeling

This work is mainly concerned with an electromechanical model for living bones, taking into account quadrupole effects. In developing the model it is assumed that a wet bone is composed of a charged fluid (electrolytes and bone salts) and the solid bone matrix which has electrical polar property. Based on these assumptions, the balance laws and the nonlinear and linear constitutive relations are obtained for such a mixture, acid for the illustration of the model the propagation of a longitudinal wave in wet bone is studied and possible application of it in bone healing and regeneration is indicated.