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New insights into source and dispersal of Mediterranean S1 tephra, an early Holocene marker horizon erupted at Mt. Erciyes (Turkey)

2020    Friedrichs, Bjarne; Schindlbeck-Belo, Julie C.; Danisik, Martin; Jenkins, Susanna F.; Yurteri, Esra; Cobankaya, Mehmet; Frische, Matthias; Wang, Kuo-Lung; Lee, Hao-Yang; Atici, Gokhan; Schmitt, Axel K.; Sparks, R. Stephen J.

Deposition of early Holocene Eastern Mediterranean S1 tephra and a Black Sea cryptotephra coincides with cultural transitions in the Fertile Crescent termed the Neolithic Revolution as well as sapropel formation during climate variability of the African humid period, classifying them as paramount regional marker horizons for archaeology as well as paleoclimatology. Their correlations with specific eruptions of the Mt. Erciyes stratovolcanic complex (Central Anatolia) remained inconclusive though. Here, we use zircon double-dating by (U-Th)/He and U-Th disequilibrium methods, major and trace element tephra glass geochemistry, and probabilistic modeling of tephra dispersal in an attempt to characterize all major late Quaternary proximal tephras of Mt. Erciyes, and to correlate them with distal deposits. Furthermore, we discuss contrasting proximal and distal tephra dispersal.