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FUMIGANT TOXICITY OF SATUREJA CUNEIFOLIA AND ZIZIPHORA CLINOPODIOIDES ESSENTIAL OILS ON FIELD COLLECTED SAND FLIES (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE: PHLEBOTOMINAE)

2018    Cetin, Huseyin; Ser, Onder; Arserim, Suha Kenan; Polat, Yesim; Ozbek, Tulay; Civril, Mehmet; Cinbilgel, Ilker; Ozbel, Yusuf

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are the vectors of Leishmania species. Since the larval control of the sand flies is very difficult and almost impossible, the fighting has mainly been carried out for the adults. In this research, the fumigant toxicity of two plant essential oils obtained from Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. was evaluated against field collected adult Phlebotomus sand flies under laboratory conditions. The fumigant activity was tested by exposing the sand flies to essential oil vapors at 10, 20, 50 and 100 mu L/L air concentrations. Knock time 50 (KT50) values and the 95% confidence limits were calculated by using a probit analysis program. A decrease in the KT50 value is observed in S. cuneifolia and Z clinopodioides essential oils in a concentration dependent manner. KT5o values at the highest concentration (100 mu L/L air) are 9,3 and 11,6 min, respectively. After a 1 h exposure period, both test oils produced 100% mortality at all the concentrations tested. The results of the research suggest that essential oils from these two plants have a potential as control agents for sand flies.