Dispersive solid phase microextraction (DSP-μE) by using nanodiamond@Bi₂MoO₆ composite for the separation-preconcentration of Pb(II) in food and water samples

A nanodiamond@Bi2MoO6 nanocomposite was synthesized using a hydrothermal procedure. The nanodiamond@ Bi2MoO6 was characterized using various techniques like BET, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX, and XRD. It was used as an adsorbent for dispersive solid phase microextraction (DSP-mu E) of Pb(II) at ultra-trace levels prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection. The analytical parameters such as pH values, adsorbent dose, eluent concentration, eluent volume, eluent time, and sample volume on the quantitative recoveries of lead(II) on nanodiamond@Bi2MoO6 were optimized. Additionally, matrix effects were investigated. The LOD, LOQ, and PF were calculated as 1.75 mu g L-1, 5.85 mu g L-1 and 16.7, respectively. The validation of the DSP-mu E procedure was checked by using certificated reference material (CRM) Wheat Gluten RM8418 and BCR Estuarine water 505 for satisfactory with 98.5 to 102.4 % recovery results. The new DSP-mu E procedure was applied to be successful for Pb determination in instant noodles and water samples. The concentration of Pb(II) in instant noodles samples ranged between 23 and 194 mu g kg(-1). In water samples, Pb(II) concentration was observed in the range of 7.95-8.05 and 123.3-142.7 mu g/L, tap water, and industrial water respectively. The estimated daily intake of total Pb(II) in the food (noodles/serving i.e., noodles, seasoning spices, water) was come out as 4.27- 16.12 mu g kg(-1) day(-1) and compared with PTDI level.