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Deep eutectic solvent incorporated AC/MIL-101 hybrid material catalysts for the production of fuel additives (acetins) from by-product glycerol

2023    Mertsoy, E. Y.; Sert, E.; Atalay, S.; Atalay, F. S.

In this work, grafting of an AC/MIL-101(Cr) hybrid sample using acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was performed to enhance the acidity and catalytic activity for the acetylation reaction of glycerol. DESs are green solvents and have many advantages, such as easy preparation with the mixing of two or three components, high biodegradability, and an environmentally friendly nature. The synthesized hybrid materials, AC/MIL-101 and AC/MIL-101/DES, were characterized using different characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen (N2) adsorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and potentiometric titration to elucidate the structure of the material. AC/MIL-101 and AC/MIL-101/DES composite catalysts were used in the acetylation of glycerol reactions as heterogeneous catalysts. The AC/MIL-101/DES sample gave higher triacetyl glycerol (TAG) selectivity and glycerol conversion in the acetylation reaction of glycerol. The catalytic activity was increased via the incorporation of deep eutectic solvent (DES) into the AC/MIL-101 structure. The acidity value increased after incorporation of DES into the AC/MIL-101 structure, so the TAG selectivity value increased from 1.20 to 3.31% at 90 degrees C. The maximum conversion of glycerol was found to be 100%, and TAG selectivity was increased up to 15.88% by changing the process conditions. In addition, the AC/MIL-101/DES sample could be regenerated and recycled without any decrement in TAG selectivity or glycerol conversion values.(c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.