Genetic variation in common bean landraces efficiently revealed by Td-DAMD-PCR markers

Some farmers still grow common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces for self-consumption in developing countries although many landraces are being replaced with modern cultivars. An effective and cheap method to reveal the genetic diversity in landraces is important. In this study, Td-DAMD-PCR, Td-SSR and CAPS-microsatellite techniques were compared using the same PCR amplification profile and reagents. Comparison analyses revealed that Td-DAMD-PCR markers amplified with 13 minisatellite primers, which were selected from 22 primers based on resolutions and reproducibility, were as reliable as Td-SSR and CAPS-microsatellite markers and produced more polymorphic markers, differentiating all the 24 common bean landraces. This study also showed that common bean landraces grown in Turkey contain great genetic variations. Td-DAMD-PCR markers amplified with selected 13 minisatellite primers can be effectively used in identification and preservation of common bean landraces that Td-SSR and CAPS-microsatellite markers could not reveal polymorphisms.